The study of how nations interact with one another, encompassing topics like international security and diplomacy. It explores global challenges such as terrorism, climate change and migration that are too large for any one nation to handle alone, requiring collective action and innovative diplomatic solutions. The field also addresses foreign policy analysis, foreign aid and development, international law and intercultural relations. Students learn to analyze and interpret patterns of state behaviour, drawing on a variety of theoretical frameworks including realism, liberalism, and constructivism.
A theory that asserts that democracy leads countries to be more cooperative with each other and only go to war for just reasons. It is often used in the context of the Group of 77, an alliance of developing nations that seeks to counterbalance the power of the developed world and promote economic self-sufficiency.
A state that is dissatisfied with the current global order and seeks to revise it, as for example Russia and China. Some argue the US is a hegemon, but others point to its relative decline since the Cold War and rising powers such as China and India as evidence that the system is becoming more multipolar. A situation in which a rtp slot hari ini state’s actions to increase its security, for example by spending more on defence, cause other states to feel threatened, leading them to spend more, and so on—known as the spiral of insecurity.